This study describes the effects of racist violence on migrants and refugees in Brandenburg using the observations of the victim support organization “Opferperspektive.” I argue that racist violence has to be seen in a context of several factors influencing the victim’s experience: the reaction of bystanders, police behavior, whether justice is done, reactions by local authorities, racist discrimination by ordinary citizens, and institutional racism. In some places, the interaction of these factors generated a collective victimization of asylum seeker communities. I describe different types of reaction: retreat and the creation of “no-go areas,” repression, and political action. Finally, I assess the chances of state programs to combat racist violence against the backdrop of everyday and institutional racism.